What are probiotics?
Probiotics are regarded as live bacteria that are able to provide health benefits to the host. They are ingested through foods or supplements and are known to adhere to the bowel wall.
Apart from supplements, foods rich in “good” bacteria include yoghurt, sauerkraut and fermented foods. Many of us are aware of the benefits of probiotics in the bowel, but we now know that certain strains of probiotics taken orally are able to survive the gastro-intestinal tract and ascend into the vagina from the rectum.
Vaginal infections
Vaginal infections can occur when the dominant bacteria in the vagina, Lactobacilli, become overtaken by other bacteria or fungal micro-organisms. Common predisposing factors that can alter the vaginal flora include:
- Medications, such as antibiotics
- Increased hormone levels
- Poor immunity
- New sexual partners (common in bacterial vaginosis)
Read Jennifer’s article ‘Is it fungus or bacteria?’ for more information about fungal and bacterial infections.
How probiotics work in the vagina
Healthy vaginal flora, dominated by Lactobacilli, act as a first line of defence preventing infectious agents from causing damage. Probiotics, particularly Lactobacilli in the vagina, are believed to work in the following ways:
- Production of lactic acid, keeping the vaginal environment acidic. The acid environment makes it difficult for ‘bad’ bugs to grow.
- Production of hydrogen peroxide by Lactobacilli makes a harsh environment for a nasty micro-organism, decreasing the likelihood of them thriving.
-
Lactobacilli can block other organisms from attaching to the vaginal wall and taking hold. It can also compete with and displace “bad” micro-organisms that have already adhered to the vaginal wall.
- Probiotics are also thought to stimulate the host’s immune system and activate cells to kill off “bad” micro-organisms.
The nifty micro-organism-destroying features that probiotics possess seem to be a potent weapon that the body can use in the defence against invading bugs.
Prevention
Here are some ways to prevent vaginal infection and encourage healthy vaginal flora:
- Choose underwear made from natural fibres which are able to breath. This helps to stop fungus from thriving.
- Avoid perfumed products such as feminine deodorant sprays, soap and toiler paper, as they can alter the flora in the vagina.
- Wipe from front to back when going to the toilet, as this may help to prevent the spread of micro-organisms from the anus.
Did you know?
There are more than 80 species of Lactobacilli that live in the bowel and vagina!
References available on request